Django Hordhac: Si Degdeg ah u Dhis Website-kaaga Koowaad
Django Hordhac: Si Degdeg ah u Dhis Website-kaaga Koowaad
Django waa qaab-dhismeed Python ah oo wax ku ool ah oo awood leh, ku habboon in lagu dhiso codsiyo iyo website-yada adag. Qaab-dhismeedkan wuxuu isku daraa hawlo badan oo waxtar leh, taasoo ka dhigaysa horumariyeyaasha inay si degdeg ah u dhisaan codsiyo adag. Haddii aad tahay bilow ama aad leedahay khibrad, Django wuxuu ku siinayaa fursado badan. Maqaalkan, waxaan ku baran doonaa tillaabooyin gaar ah sida loo isticmaalo Django si aad u dhisto website-kaaga koowaad.
1. Diyaarinta Deegaanka
Ka hor inta aanad bilaabin, hubi in deegaankaaga horumarinta uu ku rakiban yahay Python iyo pip (qalabka maaraynta xirmooyinka Python). Django wuxuu u baahan yahay Python 3.6 iyo wixii ka sareeya.
Rakibida Python iyo pip
Waxaad ka soo dejisan kartaa Bogga Rasmiga ah ee Python oo ku rakib nooca ku habboon nidaamkaaga hawlgalka. Kadib rakibidda, isticmaal khadka amarka si aad u hubiso noocyada Python iyo pip:
python --version
pip --version
Rakibida Django
Rakibida Django adoo adeegsanaya pip aad bay u fududahay. Ku qor amarkan khadka amarka:
pip install django
Kadib marka la rakibo, hubi inaad ka heli karto nooca Django khadka amarka:
django-admin --version
2. Abuurista Mashruuca Django
Kadib marka la rakibo Django, waxaan bilaabi karnaa abuurista mashruuc cusub. Mashruucu waa qaab-dhismeedka aasaasiga ah ee Django, wuxuuna ka kooban yahay codsiyadaada iyo qaabeynta.
Abuurista Mashruuca
Meesha aad rabto inaad mashruuca ku abuurto, orod amarkan:
django-admin startproject myproject
Tani waxay abuuri doontaa directory cusub oo la yiraahdo myproject, oo ka kooban qaar ka mid ah faylasha iyo qaab-dhismeedka caadiga ah.
Qaab-dhismeedka Directory
Waxaad arki doontaa qaab-dhismeedkan:
myproject/
manage.py
myproject/
__init__.py
settings.py
urls.py
asgi.py
wsgi.py
manage.py: Qalabka maamulka Django, oo loo isticmaalo maaraynta mashruuca.settings.py: Faylka qaabeynta mashruuca, waxaad ku qaabeyn kartaa halkan database-ka, faylasha statics, iwm.urls.py: Qaabeynta URL-yada mashruuca.asgi.pyiyowsgi.py: Qaabeynta interfaces-ka marka la daabacayo.
3. Socodsiinta Server-ka Horumarinta
Meesha mashruuca, isticmaal amarkan si aad u bilowdo server-ka horumarinta Django:
python manage.py runserver
Haddii wax walba si sax ah u socdaan, waa inaad awood u yeelatid inaad ku aragto bogga soo dhawaynta Django adoo booqanaya http://127.0.0.1:8000/ browser-kaaga.
4. Abuurista Codsiga Koowaad
Mashruuca Django wuxuu ka koobnaan karaa codsiyo badan. Codsi kasta wuxuu mas'uul ka yahay hawlo gaar ah.
Abuurista Codsiga
Meesha myproject, orod amarkan si aad u abuurto codsi la yiraahdo myapp:
python manage.py startapp myapp
Tani waxay abuuri doontaa directory cusub oo myapp ah oo ku yaal directory-ga mashruucaaga, qaab-dhismeedkiisuna wuxuu la mid noqon doonaa:
myapp/
migrations/
__init__.py
admin.py
apps.py
models.py
tests.py
views.py
Wax ka beddelka settings.py
Ku diiwaangeli codsigaaga settings.py. Raadi liiska INSTALLED_APPS, kuna dar 'myapp',:
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'myapp',
]
5. Abuur Muuqaal iyo Template
Django waxay isticmaashaa qaabka MVC, muuqaalka iyo template-ka ayaa is kaashanaya.
Abuur Muuqaal
Ku qeex muuqaal fudud myapp/views.py:
from django.http import HttpResponse
def home(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello, Django!")
Deji URL
Ku abuur feyl cusub oo la yiraahdo urls.py gudaha galka myapp, kuna hagaaji URL-yada:
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.home, name='home'),
]
Kadib ku dar URL-yada myapp gudaha urls.py mashruuca:
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', include('myapp.urls')),
]
6. Booqo Boggaaga
Hadda, waxaad mar kale bilaabi kartaa server-ka horumarinta, booqo http://127.0.0.1:8000/. Waa inaad aragtaa farriinta "Hello, Django!".
7. Ku dar Taageero Database
Django waxay si caadi ah u isticmaashaa database-ka SQLite, laakiin sidoo kale waxay taageertaa MySQL, PostgreSQL iyo databases kale. Halkan waxaa ku yaal sida loo hagaajiyo SQLite.
Dejinta Database
Raadi qaybta DATABASES gudaha settings.py, qaabeynta caadiga ah waxay u egtahay sidan:
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': BASE_DIR / "db.sqlite3",
}
}
Waxaad u beddeli kartaa database kale sida loo baahdo. Tusaale ahaan, isticmaal PostgreSQL:
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
'NAME': 'yourdbname',
'USER': 'yourusername',
'PASSWORD': 'yourpassword',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '5432',
}
}
Hubi inaad rakibto darawalka database-ka ku habboon, tusaale ahaan PostgreSQL, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad rakibto psycopg2.
pip install psycopg2
8. Abuur Moodal iyo Migrate Database
Hadda, aan qeexno moodal fudud, oo aan u guurno database-ka.
Abuur Moodal
Ku dar koodhkan myapp/models.py, si aad u qeexdo moodal fudud:```python
from django.db import models
class Item(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) description = models.TextField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
### Abuurida Migrations
Fuli amarkan si aad u abuurto faylka migrations ee database-ka:
```bash
python manage.py makemigrations
Kadib, codso migrations-yadaas:
python manage.py migrate
9. Abuurida Interface-ka Maamulka
Django waxay leedahay interface maamul oo awood leh, taasoo kuu sahlaysa inaad maamusho xogtaada.
Abuurista Super User
Isticmaal amarkan si aad u abuurto akoonka maamulka:
python manage.py createsuperuser
Ku darida Model-ka Interface-ka Maamulka
Diiwaangeli model-kaaga gudaha myapp/admin.py:
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Item
admin.site.register(Item)
Hadda mar kale orod server-ka horumarinta, booqo http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin, isticmaal super user-ka la abuuray si aad u gasho, waxaad arki doontaa model-ka cusub ee la diiwaangeliyey.
