GitLab iyo GitHub: Hababka ugu Wanaagsan ee Doorashada Qalabka CI/CD ee Saxda ah

Inta lagu jiro horumarinta software-ka casriga ah, qalabka CI/CD (Isku-darka Joogtada ah iyo Bixinta Joogtada ah) waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan. Qalabka badan oo la heli karo, GitLab iyo GitHub ayaa ah laba madal oo aad loo jecel yahay oo ay horumariyayaashu isticmaalaan. Kooxaha horumarinta badan ayaa wajahaya jahwareer marka ay dooranayaan labada qalab: Qalabkee ayaa ku habboon baahiyaha mashruucooda? Qoraalkan wuxuu ku siinayaa falanqeyn faahfaahsan oo isbarbardhig ah, wuxuuna ku hagi doonaa sida loo doorto qalabka CI/CD ee ku habboon iyadoo lagu saleynayo baahiyaha gaarka ah ee kooxda.

1. Guudmar Aasaasi ah oo ku saabsan GitLab iyo GitHub

1.1 Hordhac GitLab

GitLab waa qalab maareynta kaydka Git oo ku saleysan Webka, oo bixiya xakameyn noocyada, raadraaca dhibaatooyinka, CI/CD, dib-u-eegista koodhka, iyo waxyaabo kale. Waxay caan ku tahay habka DevOps ee isku dhafan, taasoo u oggolaaneysa kooxaha horumarinta inay ku dhammeeyaan qorista koodhka, tijaabinta, iyo daabacaadda hal madal.

1.2 Hordhac GitHub

GitHub sidoo kale waa madal caan ah oo xakameynta noocyada, taasoo caan ku ah maamulka koodhka ee bulsheed iyo taageerada ballaaran ee bulshada. GitHub Actions waa qalabka CI/CD ee ay soo saartay, taasoo u oggolaaneysa isticmaaleyaasha inay qeexaan hawlaha otomaatiga ah iyada oo loo marayo habraacyo fudud.

2. Isbarbardhigga Astaamaha

2.1 Isku-darka CI/CD

• GitLab CI/CD
  Astaamaha CI/CD ee GitLab waxay ku dhex jiraan madasha, isticmaaleyaashu waxay ku habeyn karaan khadadka mashruuca iyada oo la adeegsanayo faylka .gitlab-ci.yml. Tusaale fudud:

  stages:  
    - build  
    - test  
    - deploy  
  
  build_job:  
    stage: build  
    script:  
      - echo "Building the application..."  
  
  test_job:  
    stage: test  
    script:  
      - echo "Running tests..."  
  
  deploy_job:  
    stage: deploy  
    script:  
      - echo "Deploying the application..."  
  

• GitHub Actions
  GitHub Actions waxay fulinaysaa hawlaha iyada oo loo marayo faylasha YAML ee ku jira galka .github/workflows, taasoo u oggolaaneysa isticmaaleyaasha inay qeexaan habraacyo gaar ah. Tusaale fudud:

  name: CI  
  
  on: [push, pull_request]  
  
  jobs:  
    build:  
      runs-on: ubuntu-latest  
  
      steps:  
      - name: Checkout code  
        uses: actions/checkout@v2  
      - name: Build  
        run: echo "Building the application..."  
      - name: Test  
        run: echo "Running tests..."  
  

2.2 Interface-ka Isticmaalaha

• GitLab
  Interface-ka GitLab waa mid nadiif ah, dhammaan astaamaha ayaa lagu ururiyey hal panel, isticmaaleyaashu waxay si fudud u heli karaan koodhka, dhibaatooyinka, codsiyada isku-dhafka, iyo khadadka CI/CD.

• GitHub
  Interface-ka GitHub waa mid bulsheed, isticmaaleyaashu waxay si sahlan u heli karaan horumariyayaal kale, waxayna booqan karaan doodaha mashruuca iyo dukumiintiyada, laakiin marka la beddelayo hawlo badan waxay u baahan karaan in la gujiyo wax badan.

2.3 Amniga

GitLab waxay bixisaa hawlaha baaritaanka amniga ee ku dhex jira, taasoo ka caawineysa isticmaaleyaasha inay aqoonsadaan daldaloolada amniga inta lagu jiro habka CI/CD.

GitHub sidoo kale waxay si joogto ah u xoojineysaa amniga, iyadoo bixisa baaritaanka ku tiirsanaanta iyo baaritaanka koodhka si loo yareeyo khataraha amniga.

3. Arrimaha La Tixgelinayo Marka La Dooranayo

Marka la dooranayo GitLab iyo GitHub, kooxda waxay u baahan tahay inay tixgeliso arrimaha soo socda:

3.1 Cabbirka Kooxda iyo Baahiyaha

• Kooxaha yaryar waxay u badan tahay inay doorbidaan GitHub, maadaama ay taageero bulsheed iyo agab waxbarasho oo badan leeyihiin.
• Shirkadaha waaweyn ama kooxaha leh shuruudo amni oo sarreeya ayaa laga yaabaa inay doorbidaan GitLab, oo leh hawlaha DevOps ee ku dhex jira iyo qalabka amniga oo kor u qaadi kara waxtarka, yareynaya ku tiirsanaanta dibadda.

3.2 Baahida Daabacaadda

• Haddii kooxda ay u baahan tahay inay taageerto server-yada la iskiis u maamulo, GitLab waxay bixisaa xalal dhameystiran oo iskiis u maamula. Halka GitHub's self-hosting (GitHub Enterprise) ay tahay mid qaalisan.

3.3 Tixgelinta Miisaaniyadda

• GitLab waxay bixisaa noocyo badan oo bilaash ah iyo noocyo lacag leh, oo ku habboon kooxaha leh baahiyo kala duwan.
• GitHub sidoo kale waxay bixisaa kaydyo gaar ah oo bilaash ah iyo hawlo lacag leh oo heer sare ah, oo ku habboon baahiyo miisaaniyadeed oo kala duwan.

4. Tallaabooyinka Hirgelinta Dhabta ah

4.1 Tilmaamaha Dejin ee GitLab

1. Abuur Akoon ama Foomka Iskiis u Maamula: Booqo bogga rasmiga ah ee GitLab, dooro inaad abuurto akoont ama soo dejiso nooca iskiis u maamula.
2. Abuur Mashruuc: Abuur mashruuc oo bilow kaydka Git.
3. Dejinta CI/CD: Abuur faylka .gitlab-ci.yml ee galka asaasiga ah ee mashruuca, oo dejiso khadadka sida loo baahan yahay.
4. Samee Isku-dar Joogto ah: Gudbi koodhka, daawo dhismaha otomaatiga ah iyo tijaabinta.

4.2 Tilmaamaha Dejin ee GitHub

1. Abuur Akoon GitHub: Gal bogga rasmiga ah ee GitHub, abuur akoont shakhsiyeed.
2. Abuur Kayd Cusub: Abuur kayd cusub, oo bilow.
3. Dejinta GitHub Actions: Abuur faylka YAML ee habraaca ee galka .github/workflows.
4. Hawlaha Otomaatiga ah: Gudbi koodhka, daawo xaaladaha hawlaha la kiciyey.

5. Gunaanad

Doorashada qalabka CI/CD ee ku habboon waxay saameyn ku yeelaneysaa waxtarka horumarinta iyo iskaashiga kooxda. Marka la dooranayo GitLab iyo GitHub, waa in la tixgeliyo baahiyaha kooxda, miisaaniyadda, iyo astaamaha mashruuca. Haddii aad doorato qalab kasta, muhiimadda ugu weyn waa in la raaco baahiyaha dhabta ah ee kooxda, iyadoo la adeegsanayo isgaarsiinta wax ku oolka ah iyo iskaashiga si loo kordhiyo waxtarka iyo tayada bixinta software-ka. Waxaan rajeynayaa in qoraalkan uu kaa caawin doono go'aankaaga.