Kubernetes Hordhac: Sida Loo Maareeyo Codsiyada Weelasha Si Waxtar Leh

Kubernetes ayaa noqday madal caan ah oo loogu talagalay maaraynta weelasha, waxayna bixisaa xal si otomaatig ah loogu daabaco, loogu ballaariyo, loona maareeyo codsiyada weelasha. Qoraalkan wuxuu siin doonaa bilowga iyo horumariyeyaasha dhexe hagitaan waxtar leh, si aad si dhakhso ah u fahanto fikradaha aasaasiga ah ee Kubernetes iyo hawlgallada dhabta ah.

Waa maxay Kubernetes?

Kubernetes (badanaa loo soo gaabiyo K8s) waa madal furan oo loogu talagalay otomaatiga daabacaadda, ballaarinta, iyo maaraynta codsiyada weelasha. Waxaa horumariyay Google waxaana lagu deeqay Hay'adda Xisaabinta Daruuriga ah (CNCF). Ujeedada ugu weyn ee Kubernetes waa in la fududeeyo maaraynta nolosha codsiga iyo in la hubiyo helitaanka sare iyo maaraynta otomaatiga ah ee nidaamka.

Qaybaha Aasaasiga ah ee Kubernetes

1. Pod

Pod waa unugga ugu yar ee daabacaadda Kubernetes, waxayna ka koobnaan kartaa hal ama in ka badan oo weelasha ah. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah Pods waxay wadaagaan shabakad iyo kayd, waxayna ku habboon yihiin in lagu ordo adeegyo si dhow isugu xiran.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: my-app-pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: my-app-container
    image: nginx

2. Deployment

Deployment waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu maareeyo nolosha Pod, iyadoo la hubinayo in tirada la cayimay ee Pods ay ku jiraan xaalad orod, waxaana lagu sameyn karaa xakameyn noocyo iyo cusbooneysiin.

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-app-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: my-app
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: my-app
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: my-app-container
        image: nginx

3. Service

Service waxay bixisaa gelitaanka deggan, waxayna u oggolaaneysaa Pods kale ama isticmaaleyaasha dibadda inay galaan Pods-ka ordaya.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-app-service
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: my-app
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80

Faa'iidooyinka Kubernetes

• Maareyn otomaatig ah: Kubernetes waxay si otomaatig ah u daabacdaa, u ballaarisaa, una maareysaa codsiyada weelasha, iyadoo la dhimayo hawlgallada gacanta, hoos u dhigaysa fursadaha khaladaadka.
• Helitaanka sare: Iyada oo loo marayo ReplicaSets, Kubernetes waxay hubisaa in ay jiraan unugyo Pod oo ku filan oo ordaya, marka unug ka mid ah uu guuldareysto, nidaamku si otomaatig ah ayuu u dib u bilaabaa ama u beddelaa.
• Miisaamid: Kubernetes waxay leedahay hawl miisaamid dhisan, waxayna u qaybin kartaa taraafikada adeegyada, iyadoo la hubinayo in si waxtar leh loo isticmaalo kheyraadka.

Sida Loo Bilaabo Kubernetes Si Dhakhso Ah

1. Diyaarinta Deegaanka

Marka hore, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad dhisto deegaanka Kubernetes. Tani waxaa lagu sameyn karaa siyaabo kala duwan, sida isticmaalka Minikube tijaabo maxalli ah, ama dhisida koox adeeg bixiyeyaasha daruuriga ah (sida Google Kubernetes Engine, AWS EKS, Azure AKS).

Isticmaalka Minikube si loo rakibo Kubernetes

• Rakib Minikube iyo kubectl

# Rakib Minikube (habka rakibidda gaarka ah fadlan tixraac dukumintiga rasmiga ah ee Minikube)
brew install minikube

# Rakib kubectl
brew install kubectl

• Bilow Minikube

minikube start

2. Daabacaadda Codsiga Koowaad

Tusaale ahaan Nginx, waxaan ku daabici karnaa Nginx adigoo qeexaya Deployment iyo Service.

# Abuur faylka deployment.yaml
cat  deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
EOF

# Codso daabacaadda
kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml

# Abuur faylka service.yaml
cat  service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: nginx
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80
  type: NodePort
EOF

# Codso adeegga
kubectl apply -f service.yaml

3. Galitaanka Codsiga

Mar kasta oo aad abuurto nooca adeegga NodePort, Kubernetes waxay u qoondeysaa deked. Waxaad ku heli kartaa cinwaanka gelitaanka amarka soo socda:

minikube service nginx-service --url

Isticmaalka biraawsarkaaga si aad u gasho URL-ka la daabacay, waxaad arki doontaa bogga soo dhawaynta Nginx.

Khaladaadka Caadiga ah iyo Falanqaynta

Marka aad isticmaaleyso Kubernetes, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad la kulanto dhibaatooyin caadi ah, sida xaaladda Pod oo ah CrashLoopBackOff. Tani maaha qalad, laakiin waa hab ammaan ah, Kubernetes ma dib u bilaabi doonto Pod-ka marar aan xadidneyn, laakiin waxay ku dari doontaa dib u dhigid ka dib markii dib u bilaabid kasta, si looga fogaado jahawareerka nidaamka.

Waxaad ku arki kartaa diiwaanka Pod adigoo isticmaalaya amarka soo socda, si aad u caawiso falanqaynta:

kubectl logs 

Gunaanad

Kubernetes waa qalab awood leh oo loogu talagalay maaraynta weelasha, adigoo baranaya fikradaha aasaasiga ah iyo amarrada caadiga ah, waxaad si waxtar leh u maareyn kartaa oo u daabici kartaa codsiyada daruuriga ah. Iyada oo la kordhinayo isticmaalka daruuriga ah iyo tiknoolajiyada weelasha, barashada Kubernetes waxay furi doontaa fursado cusub oo horumarineed. Waxaan rajeynayaa in hagahan uu ku siin doono caawimaad iyo tixraac safarkaaga barashada Kubernetes.